Water contamination and noise have been consistently the least assessed environmental/lifestyle exposures in
pregnancy–birth cohorts (PBC). Water quality surveillance data collected during the past decade within urban
drinking-water distribution systems call for re-evaluation of water and health issues in the developed world.
The objectives of this scientific commentary were to (i) highlight the extent of appraisal of water contamination
in exposure assessment studies of PBC, worldwide, and (ii) propose recommendations to increase awareness of
emerging water-related risks through their improved representation into PBC study designs in urban centers.
Three scientific literature databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were used for a systematic search
on worldwide PBC and their publications that considered water contamination and health outcomes. Publiclyavailable
e-databases (ENRIECO, BIRTHCOHORTS, and CHICOS) were also employed for detailed exploration of
existing European Union (EU)-based PBC. Out of the 76 PBC identified in the EU territory, only 12 of them incorporated
water contamination into their study designs. Among which only 6 PBC published scientific articles that
either included data on water contamination and/or water intake estimates. Trihalomethanes but not other
Water contamination and noise have been consistently the least assessed environmental/lifestyle exposures in
pregnancy–birth cohorts (PBC). Water quality surveillance data collected during the past decade within urban
drinking-water distribution systems call for re-evaluation of water and health issues in the developed world.
The objectives of this scientific commentary were to (i) highlight the extent of appraisal of water contamination
in exposure assessment studies of PBC, worldwide, and (ii) propose recommendations to increase awareness of
emerging water-related risks through their improved representation into PBC study designs in urban centers.
Three scientific literature databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were used for a systematic search
on worldwide PBC and their publications that considered water contamination and health outcomes. Publiclyavailable
e-databases (ENRIECO, BIRTHCOHORTS, and CHICOS) were also employed for detailed exploration of
existing European Union (EU)-based PBC. Out of the 76 PBC identified in the EU territory, only 12 of them incorporated
water contamination into their study designs. Among which only 6 PBC published scientific articles that
either included data on water contamination and/or water intake estimates. Trihalomethanes but not other
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