The energy required in each arc (i, j) of the transport network is estimated using Eq. (1), as proposed by Bektas and Laporte (2011).In this equation P, represents the total amount of energy required for arc (i, j); w is the empty vehicle weight in kg; fij is the load carried by the vehicle in kg; dij ij corresponds to the distance in meters; and v2ij is the vehicle speed in the arc in m/s, a is a specific constant of the arc, and b is a specific vehicle constant, which are given by Eqs. (2) and (3), respectively. ij