Controllership effectiveness depends on both output and outcome, as only a combination of high output quality and high impact contributes to reaching the objective of the controlling function, which mainly consists in providing financial result controls for operating the firm’s management control system. In the basic setting of rational choice theory (Hedström and Swedberg, 1996), we assume that an increase in the output quality perceived by management will also result in an increased use of this output, i.e., a stronger impact on decision-making and control. Thus, we
finally derive our fourth hypothesis: