Another significant phenomenon in the region has been a growing process of urbanization and rural-to-urban migration, which has also had an impact on indigenous peoples, albeit with significant differences in relation to non-indigenous persons in terms of relative numbers, causes, itineraries, meanings and consequences. The 2000 round of censuses shows that around 40% of the region’s indigenous population lives in urban areas, compared with 80% for the non-indigenous population. Although indigenous people still live mainly in rural areas, the ethnic and cultural diversity of cities is such that public policy-makers must take into account the perspective of indigenous peoples’ rights (both individual and collective rights) in urban areas as well.