2. Methods
2.1. Study Population and Procedures. Questionnaires were distributed to employees in 18 nursing homes, in several states of the U.S., within a single company in 2006–2009. The surveys were timed relative to the implementation of a Safe Resident Handling program. In 12 centers, baseline surveys were administered during the week of initial training for department heads (defined as the implementation date), just prior to installation of the resident handling equipment. In the other 6 centers, the first surveys were conducted at least one year after program implementation, using a very similar instrument. The first (or “entry”) survey in each center was selected for these cross-sectional analyses.