This view of early modern ‘Tacitism’,
while convenient, is a highly selective and
partial one. For the modern heirs of the
Roman imperial moralists were never
simply philosophers of princely subjection.
The most famous and celebrated of them,
the Flemist humanist Justus Lipsius, has
been described as an ‘anti-Ciceronian’, and
his writings presented as an attempt to supplant
a Ciceronian republican politics with a
Tacitean monarchical one. Yet Lipsius
never renounced Cicero as a political or
rhetorical influence, and he cites him liberally
across his political writings.13 The introductions
to the various imprints of Lipsius’
edition of Tacitus are studded with
Ciceronian invocations of the statesman as
pilot (gubernator) of the ship of state, as
well as with conventional Tacitean laments
about lost liberty and the misuse of power
by tyrants ancient and modern (Morford,
1993: 136–40; 1991: 153–4). On the allegorical
frontispiece of Lipsius’ Opera
Omnia the personification of Politics wears
a crown depicting the city (civitas): in each
hand she holds a rudder (gubernaculum), the
symbol of civil governance, and the spear of
military imperium, rather than the sword and
sceptre of Hobbes’ Leviathan
This view of early modern ‘Tacitism’,while convenient, is a highly selective andpartial one. For the modern heirs of theRoman imperial moralists were neversimply philosophers of princely subjection.The most famous and celebrated of them,the Flemist humanist Justus Lipsius, hasbeen described as an ‘anti-Ciceronian’, andhis writings presented as an attempt to supplanta Ciceronian republican politics with aTacitean monarchical one. Yet Lipsiusnever renounced Cicero as a political orrhetorical influence, and he cites him liberallyacross his political writings.13 The introductionsto the various imprints of Lipsius’edition of Tacitus are studded withCiceronian invocations of the statesman aspilot (gubernator) of the ship of state, aswell as with conventional Tacitean lamentsabout lost liberty and the misuse of powerby tyrants ancient and modern (Morford,1993: 136–40; 1991: 153–4). On the allegoricalfrontispiece of Lipsius’ OperaOmnia the personification of Politics wearsa crown depicting the city (civitas): in eachhand she holds a rudder (gubernaculum), thesymbol of civil governance, and the spear ofmilitary imperium, rather than the sword andsceptre of Hobbes’ Leviathan
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