METHODS
Data Sources
The NYS hospital discharge database,Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), was formed in 1979 for the purpose of monitoring and fiscally managing
inpatient and ambulatory hospitalization services in NYS.25 The statistical variables we
chose for this study included International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical
Modification (ICD-9-CM ) 26 codes for up to 8 discharge diagnoses (or 15 diagnoses if
the patient was discharged in 1994 or later),demographic information (e.g., race, ethnicity,
age), type of medical insurance, and zip code of residence.
METHODSData SourcesThe NYS hospital discharge database,Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), was formed in 1979 for the purpose of monitoring and fiscally managinginpatient and ambulatory hospitalization services in NYS.25 The statistical variables wechose for this study included International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, ClinicalModification (ICD-9-CM ) 26 codes for up to 8 discharge diagnoses (or 15 diagnoses ifthe patient was discharged in 1994 or later),demographic information (e.g., race, ethnicity,age), type of medical insurance, and zip code of residence.
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