To examine these grade signals, we have assembled extensive student record data from the University of Michigan; including grades, GPAO (GPA in other classes at Michigan), high school GPA, standardized test scores, and demographic information. We gather these data for all students in 116 large courses: those with aver- age fall/winter enrollments more than 200 during the period from Fall 2008-Winter 2015. The total dataset contains 627,998
individual student/course pairs, while each course is represented by anywhere from 1,379 to 22,871 individual students. These courses come from a wide range of disciplines, including Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities.