Likewise, CL should range between 1 and 100 for both, impulse and
reaction turbines. Even though b is used throughout the entire
paper, only CL is needed for design purposes.
Figs. (3) and (4) plotQþ versus Pþ in Eq.(12)for typical ranges of
b for impulse and reaction turbines, respectively. An overall hydroelectric unit efficiency (h) of 0.8 was used for plotting these
figures. As can be observed in Figs. 3 and 4, the change in power
production in relation to change in flow discharge (DPþ/DQþ) for
each dimensionless curve has a positive and negative gradient. For
optimizing power production, only the positive gradient is of interrest (DPþ/DQþ > 0).