Theseaweedwascultivatedinchannelslocatedatthe fishpond outflow in a fish-seaweed integrated system. Water flowed continuously through the seaweed and then to the sea in a water flow-through model. Rectangular (1 m×2 m) cages (units) made of fishnet material (1.5 mm) were constructed and used for this study. Six such units (three units in two replicates) were placed in a series at the fishpond outflow channels, at positions marked A and B in Fig. 2b. Two control units, also placed in series, were positioned at the reservoir to fishponds channel (fishpond inflow channel, C in Fig. 2b). The seaweed was stocked at a stocking density of 1 kg m−2 as was recommended by Neori et al. (1991). Water flowed continuously through the biofilters, at an average velocity of 1.12 cm s−1. From this velocity, water flow was calculated as the product of the velocity andthecross section area theflow is crossing throughas follows:the harvested biomass were restocked to each unit for the continuation of the study. Biomass yield (fresh weight) was calculated as the difference between the initial and final weights and expressed in units of g m−2 day−1.Specificgrowthrate(SGR, %)wascalculated as: SGR=100×[ln(wt/w0)]/t according to Rosenberg et al. (1984), where w0 is the initial biomass and wt is the biomass at t culture days.