Findings and Discussions
Following the interview with Ar. Chong Lee Siong1, the design brief from the JPN for each unit of high-rise low cost flats is for a family with average household size of 5 persons. Therefore, it has shown a positive relationship between the design brief and the household size. For an average family member of 5 persons per unit of low-cost flat, the area per person is 130 square feet per person. This figure is much more above the United Kingdom minimum standard of 50 square feet per person, Japan minimum standard of 62 square feet per person and Hong Kong minimum standard of 25 square feet per person in early 1980s (MHLG, 1981; Loo, 1977). Means, the minimum size standard of 650 square feet for a 3 bedroom type flat is appropriate and acceptable. Table 6 shows a comparison of area per person for 3 bedroom type flats in the city of Kuala Lumpur in 1977 and 2000. It has proven that the current minimum standard size of flat is much better compared with the standard in 1977.The factors in determining a quality low-cost flat arranged in descending degrees of importance are: house safety, provision of public amenities, unit internal environment, maintenance and surrounding environment, location, sanitary fittings, unit size, type of house, material used, unit internal layout, quality of workmanship, structure of the house and appearance.
House safety is the most important factor influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. Generally, respondents were concerned on their safety due to increasing crime cases within the PPR scheme compound. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments such as not enough lamp posts at car parking and garden area, no proper motorbike parking zone that equipped with metal bars for locking the motorbikes, no humps on driveways causing vehicle to race at driveway, no proper pathway from flats to garden or playground causing danger to kids who cross the driveway to the playground (see Figure 8) and 1200mm enclosed yard space enable thieves to climb into the unit from the yard (see Figure 12).Provision of amenities is the second important factors influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments of public amenities such as convenient shops are not operate at the time when the respondents took vacant possession of the flats, and shortage of parking bays especially if the development area is lack of public transport services, i.e. at PPR Kampung Muhibbah Puchong. The car parking provision ratio of 1 car parking bay for every 4 units of flat may need to be reviewed. Even with good public transport system, the number of car ownership is rising, thus more car parking spaces are required.
Unit internal environment has became the third important factor influence the quality of low-cost flats mainly because all respondents are hoping for a house that needs less energy consumption in view of the increase of electricity bills rate.
Maintenance is the forth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost PPR flats. Although there were 3 lifts serving every floor, the frequent break down of the lift system despite it is less than 2 years old has caused respondents to worry about the reliability of the lifts. Besides, high maintenance cost for the lifts may result for the customer unable to bare the maintenance cost if the flat is managed by customer themselves in the future.Good surrounding environment such as level of sound pollution, water pollution and air pollution became the fifth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. Location is only ranked as the sixth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. In real estate, location is critically important in determine the value of the property, however for low-cost flat, if the flat is located near work place and with good public amenities such as public transportation, school, market and so on, the location become not so critical.
Among the factors influencing the quality of low-cost flat, the location had the higher degree of satisfaction followed by type of house, internal unit environment, appearance, sanitary fitting, unit internal layout, surrounding environment, material used, unit size, quality workmanship, maintenance, structure of the house, facilities and public amenities and lastly the safety of house. Most of the respondents except respondents from PPR Kampung Mihibbah Puchong, are quite happy with the location of the flats because they are located within the cities centre, near their work place and close to public amenities.
Current PPR high-rise low-cost flat typology is acceptable by most respondents with the reasons that each floor is served by three lifts, maintenance works are carried out by local authorities and maintenance cost is absorbed within the rental of RM124 per month paid by the tenants. Most respondents are happy with the internal environment of their unit especially respondents from block with east west orientation, where their units are bright during a sunny day, with good cross ventilation and with cool internal spaces. Besides, the cross ventilation of the unit was enhanced by having the unit entrance door open during the daytime. In order to enjoy good cross ventilation and at the same time not to sacrifice the safety of the unit, metal grilles are installed by some tenants at the entrance door (see Figure 9). The appearance of the PPR flats received better degree of satisfaction compared with unit internal layout and unit internal room size. Respondents are very happy with the current provision of 3 bedrooms, 1 living cum dining space, 1 kitchen, 1 yard, 1 bathroom and 1 toilet. However, the size and position of the kitchen and yard are found at the unsatisfactory level. Respondents commented that the existing kitchen size of 4.515 square meters (less than 49 square feet) is too small to carry out its function. Most Malaysians, especially low-cost flats‟ tenants are not depending on electronic devices such as oven, electrical hood and hob to prepare their food. In addition, smokes from cooking escape through opening at yard located adjacent to the kitchen, this has indirectly caused yard space cannot fully perform its function. Figure 10, 11 and 12 show how yard space been utilized the as cooking area as result from the inappropriate size of existing kitchen.Most of the respondents commented that the yard is too small (27 square feet) for hanging blankets and clothes. In addition, its location could hardly get any sunlight unless the block is north south oriented. Therefore, common corridors and windows become their new clothes drying area. Figure 13, 14 and 15 showing how these spaces have been utilized as drying area.Respondents are quite satisfied with the materials used for the current PPR flats except the types of window and entrance door with its lockset. For security reason, a better quality door and lockset should be used for the unit main entrance door. Otherwise metal grilles sliding door should be installed in front of unit main entrance for security reason as well as to improve ventilation of the unit. Respondents agreed that the adjustable louvered windows are better for air movement compared with casement or top hung windows; however it has carried the risk of glass panes falling from the higher floor if the catches are not function properly. This problem becomes critical when windows been utilized as clothes drying area (see Figure 13). Respondents ranked maintenance works as quite satisfactory. The maintenance works include overall building maintenance, efficiency in repairing the defective item, number of time for rubbish collection and cleanliness of drains.
Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) Housing Maintenance Division highlighted that complaints frequently reported are water pipe burst, water seepage through wall and ceiling, rain water entering the house through window, and manhole clogged. Table 7 shows the compilation of complaints received by DBKL Housing Maintenance Division for PPR Cochrane Perkasa 1 sit The most frequent complaints were rain water entered house through window. There are two main reasons to the problem. Firstly, the faulty detailing where a concrete copping is placed at the bottom of the window opening (see Figure 16). When rain water hits the concrete copping at the bottom of the window, rain water then bounces into the interior space of the unit through gaps between the glass panes. Secondly, the quality of workmanship where gaps between wall openings and window frames is not water tight, water seepage occurred at gaps between window and wall. Water proofing problem especially at toilet and bath is very crucial. Good site supervision and workmanship is critically important to resolve the problem. Otherwise, it is very costly and troublesome if to carry out any remedial work after completion.With the overall unit size of 650 square feet, in order to provide bigger kitchen, yard and bathroom, other rooms might need to be reduced in size. Table 8 shows the size comparison for room function between the By-law 42 & 43 of Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL), CIS 2 and existing design (PPR 2000). It is important to highlight that even the existing design (PPR 2000) is not meeting the minimum unit size stated in the CIS 2. Although Bedroom 3 received the lowest degree of satisfaction compared with bedroom 1 and bedroom 2 because of the existing odd corner, generally respondents are quite satisfied with the sizes of existing bedroom 1, bedroom 2 and bedroom 3. The size of existing kitchen is smaller than minimum as stated in CIS 2 but still complying with the minimum size as stated in UBBL. So, the question is should the revised design to comply with CIS 2 standard or is that any alternative size which is more appropriate.
Findings and Discussions
Following the interview with Ar. Chong Lee Siong1, the design brief from the JPN for each unit of high-rise low cost flats is for a family with average household size of 5 persons. Therefore, it has shown a positive relationship between the design brief and the household size. For an average family member of 5 persons per unit of low-cost flat, the area per person is 130 square feet per person. This figure is much more above the United Kingdom minimum standard of 50 square feet per person, Japan minimum standard of 62 square feet per person and Hong Kong minimum standard of 25 square feet per person in early 1980s (MHLG, 1981; Loo, 1977). Means, the minimum size standard of 650 square feet for a 3 bedroom type flat is appropriate and acceptable. Table 6 shows a comparison of area per person for 3 bedroom type flats in the city of Kuala Lumpur in 1977 and 2000. It has proven that the current minimum standard size of flat is much better compared with the standard in 1977.The factors in determining a quality low-cost flat arranged in descending degrees of importance are: house safety, provision of public amenities, unit internal environment, maintenance and surrounding environment, location, sanitary fittings, unit size, type of house, material used, unit internal layout, quality of workmanship, structure of the house and appearance.
House safety is the most important factor influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. Generally, respondents were concerned on their safety due to increasing crime cases within the PPR scheme compound. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments such as not enough lamp posts at car parking and garden area, no proper motorbike parking zone that equipped with metal bars for locking the motorbikes, no humps on driveways causing vehicle to race at driveway, no proper pathway from flats to garden or playground causing danger to kids who cross the driveway to the playground (see Figure 8) and 1200mm enclosed yard space enable thieves to climb into the unit from the yard (see Figure 12).Provision of amenities is the second important factors influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments of public amenities such as convenient shops are not operate at the time when the respondents took vacant possession of the flats, and shortage of parking bays especially if the development area is lack of public transport services, i.e. at PPR Kampung Muhibbah Puchong. The car parking provision ratio of 1 car parking bay for every 4 units of flat may need to be reviewed. Even with good public transport system, the number of car ownership is rising, thus more car parking spaces are required.
Unit internal environment has became the third important factor influence the quality of low-cost flats mainly because all respondents are hoping for a house that needs less energy consumption in view of the increase of electricity bills rate.
Maintenance is the forth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost PPR flats. Although there were 3 lifts serving every floor, the frequent break down of the lift system despite it is less than 2 years old has caused respondents to worry about the reliability of the lifts. Besides, high maintenance cost for the lifts may result for the customer unable to bare the maintenance cost if the flat is managed by customer themselves in the future.Good surrounding environment such as level of sound pollution, water pollution and air pollution became the fifth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. Location is only ranked as the sixth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. In real estate, location is critically important in determine the value of the property, however for low-cost flat, if the flat is located near work place and with good public amenities such as public transportation, school, market and so on, the location become not so critical.
Among the factors influencing the quality of low-cost flat, the location had the higher degree of satisfaction followed by type of house, internal unit environment, appearance, sanitary fitting, unit internal layout, surrounding environment, material used, unit size, quality workmanship, maintenance, structure of the house, facilities and public amenities and lastly the safety of house. Most of the respondents except respondents from PPR Kampung Mihibbah Puchong, are quite happy with the location of the flats because they are located within the cities centre, near their work place and close to public amenities.
Current PPR high-rise low-cost flat typology is acceptable by most respondents with the reasons that each floor is served by three lifts, maintenance works are carried out by local authorities and maintenance cost is absorbed within the rental of RM124 per month paid by the tenants. Most respondents are happy with the internal environment of their unit especially respondents from block with east west orientation, where their units are bright during a sunny day, with good cross ventilation and with cool internal spaces. Besides, the cross ventilation of the unit was enhanced by having the unit entrance door open during the daytime. In order to enjoy good cross ventilation and at the same time not to sacrifice the safety of the unit, metal grilles are installed by some tenants at the entrance door (see Figure 9). The appearance of the PPR flats received better degree of satisfaction compared with unit internal layout and unit internal room size. Respondents are very happy with the current provision of 3 bedrooms, 1 living cum dining space, 1 kitchen, 1 yard, 1 bathroom and 1 toilet. However, the size and position of the kitchen and yard are found at the unsatisfactory level. Respondents commented that the existing kitchen size of 4.515 square meters (less than 49 square feet) is too small to carry out its function. Most Malaysians, especially low-cost flats‟ tenants are not depending on electronic devices such as oven, electrical hood and hob to prepare their food. In addition, smokes from cooking escape through opening at yard located adjacent to the kitchen, this has indirectly caused yard space cannot fully perform its function. Figure 10, 11 and 12 show how yard space been utilized the as cooking area as result from the inappropriate size of existing kitchen.Most of the respondents commented that the yard is too small (27 square feet) for hanging blankets and clothes. In addition, its location could hardly get any sunlight unless the block is north south oriented. Therefore, common corridors and windows become their new clothes drying area. Figure 13, 14 and 15 showing how these spaces have been utilized as drying area.Respondents are quite satisfied with the materials used for the current PPR flats except the types of window and entrance door with its lockset. For security reason, a better quality door and lockset should be used for the unit main entrance door. Otherwise metal grilles sliding door should be installed in front of unit main entrance for security reason as well as to improve ventilation of the unit. Respondents agreed that the adjustable louvered windows are better for air movement compared with casement or top hung windows; however it has carried the risk of glass panes falling from the higher floor if the catches are not function properly. This problem becomes critical when windows been utilized as clothes drying area (see Figure 13). Respondents ranked maintenance works as quite satisfactory. The maintenance works include overall building maintenance, efficiency in repairing the defective item, number of time for rubbish collection and cleanliness of drains.
Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) Housing Maintenance Division highlighted that complaints frequently reported are water pipe burst, water seepage through wall and ceiling, rain water entering the house through window, and manhole clogged. Table 7 shows the compilation of complaints received by DBKL Housing Maintenance Division for PPR Cochrane Perkasa 1 sit The most frequent complaints were rain water entered house through window. There are two main reasons to the problem. Firstly, the faulty detailing where a concrete copping is placed at the bottom of the window opening (see Figure 16). When rain water hits the concrete copping at the bottom of the window, rain water then bounces into the interior space of the unit through gaps between the glass panes. Secondly, the quality of workmanship where gaps between wall openings and window frames is not water tight, water seepage occurred at gaps between window and wall. Water proofing problem especially at toilet and bath is very crucial. Good site supervision and workmanship is critically important to resolve the problem. Otherwise, it is very costly and troublesome if to carry out any remedial work after completion.With the overall unit size of 650 square feet, in order to provide bigger kitchen, yard and bathroom, other rooms might need to be reduced in size. Table 8 shows the size comparison for room function between the By-law 42 & 43 of Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL), CIS 2 and existing design (PPR 2000). It is important to highlight that even the existing design (PPR 2000) is not meeting the minimum unit size stated in the CIS 2. Although Bedroom 3 received the lowest degree of satisfaction compared with bedroom 1 and bedroom 2 because of the existing odd corner, generally respondents are quite satisfied with the sizes of existing bedroom 1, bedroom 2 and bedroom 3. The size of existing kitchen is smaller than minimum as stated in CIS 2 but still complying with the minimum size as stated in UBBL. So, the question is should the revised design to comply with CIS 2 standard or is that any alternative size which is more appropriate.
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Findings and Discussions
Following the interview with Ar. Chong Lee Siong1, the design brief from the JPN for each unit of high-rise low cost flats is for a family with average household size of 5 persons. Therefore, it has shown a positive relationship between the design brief and the household size. For an average family member of 5 persons per unit of low-cost flat, the area per person is 130 square feet per person. This figure is much more above the United Kingdom minimum standard of 50 square feet per person, Japan minimum standard of 62 square feet per person and Hong Kong minimum standard of 25 square feet per person in early 1980s (MHLG, 1981; Loo, 1977). Means, the minimum size standard of 650 square feet for a 3 bedroom type flat is appropriate and acceptable. Table 6 shows a comparison of area per person for 3 bedroom type flats in the city of Kuala Lumpur in 1977 and 2000. It has proven that the current minimum standard size of flat is much better compared with the standard in 1977.The factors in determining a quality low-cost flat arranged in descending degrees of importance are: house safety, provision of public amenities, unit internal environment, maintenance and surrounding environment, location, sanitary fittings, unit size, type of house, material used, unit internal layout, quality of workmanship, structure of the house and appearance.
House safety is the most important factor influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. Generally, respondents were concerned on their safety due to increasing crime cases within the PPR scheme compound. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments such as not enough lamp posts at car parking and garden area, no proper motorbike parking zone that equipped with metal bars for locking the motorbikes, no humps on driveways causing vehicle to race at driveway, no proper pathway from flats to garden or playground causing danger to kids who cross the driveway to the playground (see Figure 8) and 1200mm enclosed yard space enable thieves to climb into the unit from the yard (see Figure 12).Provision of amenities is the second important factors influencing the quality of current PPR low-cost flat. This fact was supported by respondents‟ comments of public amenities such as convenient shops are not operate at the time when the respondents took vacant possession of the flats, and shortage of parking bays especially if the development area is lack of public transport services, i.e. at PPR Kampung Muhibbah Puchong. The car parking provision ratio of 1 car parking bay for every 4 units of flat may need to be reviewed. Even with good public transport system, the number of car ownership is rising, thus more car parking spaces are required.
Unit internal environment has became the third important factor influence the quality of low-cost flats mainly because all respondents are hoping for a house that needs less energy consumption in view of the increase of electricity bills rate.
Maintenance is the forth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost PPR flats. Although there were 3 lifts serving every floor, the frequent break down of the lift system despite it is less than 2 years old has caused respondents to worry about the reliability of the lifts. Besides, high maintenance cost for the lifts may result for the customer unable to bare the maintenance cost if the flat is managed by customer themselves in the future.Good surrounding environment such as level of sound pollution, water pollution and air pollution became the fifth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. Location is only ranked as the sixth important factor influencing the quality of low-cost flat. In real estate, location is critically important in determine the value of the property, however for low-cost flat, if the flat is located near work place and with good public amenities such as public transportation, school, market and so on, the location become not so critical.
Among the factors influencing the quality of low-cost flat, the location had the higher degree of satisfaction followed by type of house, internal unit environment, appearance, sanitary fitting, unit internal layout, surrounding environment, material used, unit size, quality workmanship, maintenance, structure of the house, facilities and public amenities and lastly the safety of house. Most of the respondents except respondents from PPR Kampung Mihibbah Puchong, are quite happy with the location of the flats because they are located within the cities centre, near their work place and close to public amenities.
Current PPR high-rise low-cost flat typology is acceptable by most respondents with the reasons that each floor is served by three lifts, maintenance works are carried out by local authorities and maintenance cost is absorbed within the rental of RM124 per month paid by the tenants. Most respondents are happy with the internal environment of their unit especially respondents from block with east west orientation, where their units are bright during a sunny day, with good cross ventilation and with cool internal spaces. Besides, the cross ventilation of the unit was enhanced by having the unit entrance door open during the daytime. In order to enjoy good cross ventilation and at the same time not to sacrifice the safety of the unit, metal grilles are installed by some tenants at the entrance door (see Figure 9). The appearance of the PPR flats received better degree of satisfaction compared with unit internal layout and unit internal room size. Respondents are very happy with the current provision of 3 bedrooms, 1 living cum dining space, 1 kitchen, 1 yard, 1 bathroom and 1 toilet. However, the size and position of the kitchen and yard are found at the unsatisfactory level. Respondents commented that the existing kitchen size of 4.515 square meters (less than 49 square feet) is too small to carry out its function. Most Malaysians, especially low-cost flats‟ tenants are not depending on electronic devices such as oven, electrical hood and hob to prepare their food. In addition, smokes from cooking escape through opening at yard located adjacent to the kitchen, this has indirectly caused yard space cannot fully perform its function. Figure 10, 11 and 12 show how yard space been utilized the as cooking area as result from the inappropriate size of existing kitchen.Most of the respondents commented that the yard is too small (27 square feet) for hanging blankets and clothes. In addition, its location could hardly get any sunlight unless the block is north south oriented. Therefore, common corridors and windows become their new clothes drying area. Figure 13, 14 and 15 showing how these spaces have been utilized as drying area.Respondents are quite satisfied with the materials used for the current PPR flats except the types of window and entrance door with its lockset. For security reason, a better quality door and lockset should be used for the unit main entrance door. Otherwise metal grilles sliding door should be installed in front of unit main entrance for security reason as well as to improve ventilation of the unit. Respondents agreed that the adjustable louvered windows are better for air movement compared with casement or top hung windows; however it has carried the risk of glass panes falling from the higher floor if the catches are not function properly. This problem becomes critical when windows been utilized as clothes drying area (see Figure 13). Respondents ranked maintenance works as quite satisfactory. The maintenance works include overall building maintenance, efficiency in repairing the defective item, number of time for rubbish collection and cleanliness of drains.
Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) Housing Maintenance Division highlighted that complaints frequently reported are water pipe burst, water seepage through wall and ceiling, rain water entering the house through window, and manhole clogged. Table 7 shows the compilation of complaints received by DBKL Housing Maintenance Division for PPR Cochrane Perkasa 1 sit The most frequent complaints were rain water entered house through window. There are two main reasons to the problem. Firstly, the faulty detailing where a concrete copping is placed at the bottom of the window opening (see Figure 16). When rain water hits the concrete copping at the bottom of the window, rain water then bounces into the interior space of the unit through gaps between the glass panes. Secondly, the quality of workmanship where gaps between wall openings and window frames is not water tight, water seepage occurred at gaps between window and wall. Water proofing problem especially at toilet and bath is very crucial. Good site supervision and workmanship is critically important to resolve the problem. Otherwise, it is very costly and troublesome if to carry out any remedial work after completion.With the overall unit size of 650 square feet, in order to provide bigger kitchen, yard and bathroom, other rooms might need to be reduced in size. Table 8 shows the size comparison for room function between the By-law 42 & 43 of Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL), CIS 2 and existing design (PPR 2000). It is important to highlight that even the existing design (PPR 2000) is not meeting the minimum unit size stated in the CIS 2. Although Bedroom 3 received the lowest degree of satisfaction compared with bedroom 1 and bedroom 2 because of the existing odd corner, generally respondents are quite satisfied with the sizes of existing bedroom 1, bedroom 2 and bedroom 3. The size of existing kitchen is smaller than minimum as stated in CIS 2 but still complying with the minimum size as stated in UBBL. So, the question is should the revised design to comply with CIS 2 standard or is that any alternative size which is more appropriate.
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