Based on the current state of the field there exists a need for the
evaluation and comparison of the environmental impact of thermochemical
processing technologies applied to the microalgae to
biofuels process on a systems level. A modular systems engineering
model was constructed including growth, dewatering, bio-oil
recovery through HTL or pyrolysis, bio-oil stabilization, bio-oil conversion
to renewable diesel, and transport and distribution to consumer
pumps to define a system boundary of WTP and validated
with experimental and literature data. Two system models were
developed: (1) a small-scale model representative of the operation
of the experimental systems and (2) an industrial-scale model, validated
through experimental and literature data, to assess facility
function at commercial scale. All-sub process models were validated
with experimental data and integrated into a system model
representative of the microalgae to biofuel production process. Literature
data was limited to promising growth and dewatering
techniques and bio-oil upgrading in the industrial-scale system
with experimental data used for HTL and pyrolysis performance.
Environmental impact results are presented on the metrics of net
energy ratio (NER) and GHG emissions with sub-processing resolution.
Discussion focuses on the impact of modeling at industrialscale,
sensitivity to process parameters, and a comparison of
results to other conversion technologies based on published
literature.
Based on the current state of the field there exists a need for the
evaluation and comparison of the environmental impact of thermochemical
processing technologies applied to the microalgae to
biofuels process on a systems level. A modular systems engineering
model was constructed including growth, dewatering, bio-oil
recovery through HTL or pyrolysis, bio-oil stabilization, bio-oil conversion
to renewable diesel, and transport and distribution to consumer
pumps to define a system boundary of WTP and validated
with experimental and literature data. Two system models were
developed: (1) a small-scale model representative of the operation
of the experimental systems and (2) an industrial-scale model, validated
through experimental and literature data, to assess facility
function at commercial scale. All-sub process models were validated
with experimental data and integrated into a system model
representative of the microalgae to biofuel production process. Literature
data was limited to promising growth and dewatering
techniques and bio-oil upgrading in the industrial-scale system
with experimental data used for HTL and pyrolysis performance.
Environmental impact results are presented on the metrics of net
energy ratio (NER) and GHG emissions with sub-processing resolution.
Discussion focuses on the impact of modeling at industrialscale,
sensitivity to process parameters, and a comparison of
results to other conversion technologies based on published
literature.
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