The consequences of the RF exposure on a real living sys- tem are extremely difficult to predict because of the high complexity of the biological structure. The fundamental vi- tal functions are regulated by the central nervous system (CNS), by means of a continuous exchange of electrochemi- cal messages. Upon these considerations in mind, it is clear that any alteration at the neuronal cell level could induce a chain reaction up to the highest functional levels of cogni- tion and behaviour. Therefore, structural modifications at the lower layers can induce functional alterations at higher layers. In this respect, there are evidences that positive and healthy effects on the cognitive/behaviour level can be pos- sible if RF exposure is controlled and optimized for med- ical treatment. The definition of a suitable RF-neuronal model is fundamental to understand how the mechanisms behind the biological effects observed after RF exposure can be controlled for medical purpose. In this respect, we iden- tify the keypoints to design novel non-invasive treatments of neurodegenerative disease, emphasizing the possible RF- induced structural and functional alterations on the different layers of the biological system: