A number of contaminants were potentially present in the surface water, including lead, copper, zinc, and iron. Several of these result in well-documented health effects in humans, therefore complicating the choice of KP for sampling. In this case, soil samples were taken by a Blacksmith investigator and were sent to a certified laboratory. A targeted sample from a residential street showed a level of lead in soil at 815 mg/kg. A composite sample from another street resulted in 472 mg/kg. For reference, the US EPA recommended level is 400 mg/kg.