In recent years, increased demand has led to overfishing and consequently
sea urchin stocks have diminished. In fact, this consequence
was already noted in the first review of sea urchin fisheries (Sloan,
1985). As fishing stocks become depleted, the interest in aquaculture
of sea urchins has considerably increased (Andrew et al., 2002; Hagen,
1996; Keesing and Hall, 1998; Lesser and Walker, 1998; Nelson et al.,
2010; Robinson, 2004).