Respiratory distress secondary to diaphragmatic
elevation, pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions.
The most common causes are alcohol and gallstone
obstruction in the ducts, which account for between
66 and 75 per cent of cases (BSOG 1998, Steinberg
and Tenner 1994). Viral infections, toxins and drugs,
hereditary factors and abdominal injuries are rarer
causes, with up to 10 per cent of the initial triggers
being idiopathic (Miller 1999). Recent research has
shown that a genetic mutation in the form of a single
cystic fibrosis copy is present in many of these idiopathic
cases (Cohn et al 1998). After an initial event,
the trypsin inhibitor agent becomes overwhelmed and
the enzymes become activated so autodigestion
occurs, resulting in proteolysis, oedema, haemorrhage,
Respiratory distress secondary to diaphragmatic
elevation, pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions.
The most common causes are alcohol and gallstone
obstruction in the ducts, which account for between
66 and 75 per cent of cases (BSOG 1998, Steinberg
and Tenner 1994). Viral infections, toxins and drugs,
hereditary factors and abdominal injuries are rarer
causes, with up to 10 per cent of the initial triggers
being idiopathic (Miller 1999). Recent research has
shown that a genetic mutation in the form of a single
cystic fibrosis copy is present in many of these idiopathic
cases (Cohn et al 1998). After an initial event,
the trypsin inhibitor agent becomes overwhelmed and
the enzymes become activated so autodigestion
occurs, resulting in proteolysis, oedema, haemorrhage,
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