Estimates from national surveys of smoking prevalence among all adults with diabetes in each country suggest that levels in the Mexican population ex- ceed those in the U.S. Hispanic popula- tion (18, 19). For this reason, it was ex- pected that prevalence of current smoking in the border region among Mexicans with diabetes would be higher than that among U.S. Hispanics with di- abetes. Along the same lines, it was an- ticipated that prevalence of former smoking among adults with diabetes with a smoking history would be higher among U.S. Hispanics with diabetes than their Mexican counterparts. Given a lack of empirical research on mean num- ber of cigarettes smoked per day among current smokers in these populations, there were no a priori assumptions made concerning differences in this outcome between border groups. It was hypothe- sized that differences between the two border groups in current and former smoking would be partially explained by sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare access (20–22). However, some gap was expected to remain, given that it was not possible to include indica- tors of the regulatory environment sur- rounding smoking in the two countries (12–17, 23, 24) or measures of program- matic support for smoking prevention and cessation.