Fragmentation is disastrous for achieving continuity of care and satisfactory health outcomes, but it enables health privacy by allowing individuals to control access to their health information through compartmentalization. Furthermore. under an uncoordinated paper record system, individuals have the ability to “reinvent” their medical history by simply changing providers and “forgetting” past episodes of substance abuse, domestic violence. Mental illness, sexually transmitted infections, or other sensitive health condition. In effect, individuals have the ability to control the narrative of their health history.