1. Substituents are listed in order of decreasing atomic number of the atom
directly joined to the carbon.
2. Where two or more of the atoms connected to the asymmetric carbon are the
same, the atomic number of the second atom determines the order. For
example, in the molecule Me2CHCHBrCH2OH, the CH2OH group takes
precedence over the Me2CH group because oxygen has a higher atomic number
than carbon. Note that this is so even although there are two carbons in Me2CH
and only one oxygen in CH2OH. If two or more atoms connected to the second
atom are the same, the third atom determines the precedence, and so on.
3. All atoms except hydrogen are formally given a valence of 4. Where the
actual valence is less (as in nitrogen, oxygen, or a carbanion), phantom atoms
(designated by a subscript 0) are used to bring the valence up to four. These
phantom atoms are assigned an atomic number of zero and necessarily rank
lowest. Thus the ligand HNHMe2 ranks higher than NMe2.
4. A tritium atom takes precedence over deuterium, which in turn takes precedence
over ordinary hydrogen. Similarly, any higher isotope (e.g., 14C)
takes precedence over any lower one.
5. Double and triple bonds are counted as if they were split into two or three
single bonds, respectively, as in the examples in Table 4.1 (note the treatment
of the phenyl group). Note that in a CC double bond, the two carbon atoms
are each regarded as being connected to two carbon atoms and that one of the
latter is counted as having three phantom substituents.
1. Substituents are listed in order of decreasing atomic number of the atom
directly joined to the carbon.
2. Where two or more of the atoms connected to the asymmetric carbon are the
same, the atomic number of the second atom determines the order. For
example, in the molecule Me2CHCHBrCH2OH, the CH2OH group takes
precedence over the Me2CH group because oxygen has a higher atomic number
than carbon. Note that this is so even although there are two carbons in Me2CH
and only one oxygen in CH2OH. If two or more atoms connected to the second
atom are the same, the third atom determines the precedence, and so on.
3. All atoms except hydrogen are formally given a valence of 4. Where the
actual valence is less (as in nitrogen, oxygen, or a carbanion), phantom atoms
(designated by a subscript 0) are used to bring the valence up to four. These
phantom atoms are assigned an atomic number of zero and necessarily rank
lowest. Thus the ligand HNHMe2 ranks higher than NMe2.
4. A tritium atom takes precedence over deuterium, which in turn takes precedence
over ordinary hydrogen. Similarly, any higher isotope (e.g., 14C)
takes precedence over any lower one.
5. Double and triple bonds are counted as if they were split into two or three
single bonds, respectively, as in the examples in Table 4.1 (note the treatment
of the phenyl group). Note that in a CC double bond, the two carbon atoms
are each regarded as being connected to two carbon atoms and that one of the
latter is counted as having three phantom substituents.
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