A. Project based learning
Even though many researches on the flipped classroom
methods have been conducted in the recent years, those on
learning activities in the classroom are limited [8]. Activities
in the classroom must be emphasized to ensure that students‘
engagement occurs besides creating active learning [24].
Among the activities suggested during learning in the
classroom is project based learning [28]. Based on previous
studies, a number of researchers such as [18] and [29] chose
project based learning as learning activities in the classroom.
For example, [18] has implemented a project based learning
environment for mathematics at the school level. One of the
project based learning activities carried out is to have the 8th
grade students to surf the Internet, choose one product and
provide a shipping container that can accommodate as many
selected products as possible. Therefore, they must calculate
the volume and surface area of the container to load the
selected products with different shapes. Each work of the
students is to be done by the use of computer technology and
the results of their work will be discussed in class.