Chemical modifications due to innovative technologies are important and relevant topics in the field of Food Science and Engineering, as evidenced by the increased number of publications in recent years. In this paper, we have reviewed the state-of-the-art of lipid oxidation in foods treated by high hydrostatic pressure.
Much of the work developed on this topic values the quantitative effects of high pressure on systems of animal origin, such as meat and seafood, and defines a critical threshold pressure that triggers lipid oxidation. This threshold is set between 300 and 500 MPa, a value closely related not only to process variables such as temperature and/or time, but also to the composition of lipid and non-lipid fractions of the treated food. In the case of foods of marine origin, the high presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids promotes the initiation of radical mechanisms which accelerate oxidation in subsequent storage periods. The extent of post-treatment oxidation can be reduced by applying protective strategies such as the addition antioxidants and chelators.
It is important to emphasize that lipid degradation in HPP must be contextualized within the broad transformation of biological structures of foods. For example, the liberation of radicals or precursors of radicals due to the breakdown of cell membranes induced by pressure is one of the most important causes of increase in lipid degradation. Furthermore, the contribution of pro-oxidative enzymes in lipid degradation seems to be relevant, considering the effects that high pressures have on proteins.
A better understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with chemical reactions in high pressure systems, combined with the use of mathematical models derived from other areas of study could be an effective tool to predict and limit the development of secondary products of oxidation that could cause organoleptic issues in the final product.
Chemical modifications due to innovative technologies are important and relevant topics in the field of Food Science and Engineering, as evidenced by the increased number of publications in recent years. In this paper, we have reviewed the state-of-the-art of lipid oxidation in foods treated by high hydrostatic pressure.Much of the work developed on this topic values the quantitative effects of high pressure on systems of animal origin, such as meat and seafood, and defines a critical threshold pressure that triggers lipid oxidation. This threshold is set between 300 and 500 MPa, a value closely related not only to process variables such as temperature and/or time, but also to the composition of lipid and non-lipid fractions of the treated food. In the case of foods of marine origin, the high presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids promotes the initiation of radical mechanisms which accelerate oxidation in subsequent storage periods. The extent of post-treatment oxidation can be reduced by applying protective strategies such as the addition antioxidants and chelators.It is important to emphasize that lipid degradation in HPP must be contextualized within the broad transformation of biological structures of foods. For example, the liberation of radicals or precursors of radicals due to the breakdown of cell membranes induced by pressure is one of the most important causes of increase in lipid degradation. Furthermore, the contribution of pro-oxidative enzymes in lipid degradation seems to be relevant, considering the effects that high pressures have on proteins.
A better understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with chemical reactions in high pressure systems, combined with the use of mathematical models derived from other areas of study could be an effective tool to predict and limit the development of secondary products of oxidation that could cause organoleptic issues in the final product.
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