Ostrofsky and McCormack
(1986) found that herbicides applied to hardwood
forest stands in eastern North America helped control
form and abundance of regenerating beech ( Fagus
K.M. Waring, K.L. O’Hara / Forest Ecology and Management 209 (2005) 27–41 37
grandifolia Ehrh.) following extensive overstory
mortality due to beech bark disease (caused by
Cryptococcus fagisuga—an insect, and Nectria
coccinea var. faginata—a fungus). In each of these
examples, chemicals were used to ensure healthy
regeneration of susceptible trees.