peacetime" era under American rule or the Era of the Katipunan Revolution. Some topics are more specialized. One example is family history, which is not always about the rich and powerful, but could also be about families who have contributed healers, teachers or artists, or those whose past is closely linked to significant events of the locality Another is institutional history, which tracks for instance history of an academic institution or a the business company. industry, do an economic say, mining A history of social or tobacco production in Spanish movements would include groups like Pulahanes or Colorums and other messianic or millenarian groups. cultural history would document the changes in the practices and traditions of a community, and ethnic his- tory could deal with cultural communities such as the Tingguians or Apayaos. And there is women's history, now increasingly popular which focuses on women and their role in the sociéty. Local primary sources are available for all those I have mentioned above. It is up to the re searcher to use his creativity and insight in unearthing and retrieving data from local sources Some Practical Guidelines on Data-Gathering Most of us are familiar with the process ofresearch, which is basically so I will be brief on these guidelines data-gathering 1. e note cards or notepaper because pieces of paper of a uniform size are easier to carry, to store and organize 2. Take notes carefully, especially of direct quotes, to ensure accuracy. 3. Do not mix two or more topics or sources in one notecard If you come across a new topic, start with a new notecard to avoid confusion later. 4. o not alter data that you encounter just because it goes against what you believe is the correct information or your projected conclusion. 5. Always indicate the source of information, such as the title and date of a document, or the bibliographical data for printed materials such as books, pamphlets or magazines. Organize your materials into primary and secondary sources or according to major topics, or onolo 7. Take proper care of primary materials such as otd photographs, manuscripts or maps. Such materials are