Major categories of Employee behavior
If HRD efforts are primarily intended to change employee behavior, then it is useful to first ask what types of behavior they are intended to change. Recent research strongly suggests that individual performance is multidimensional. Although many different aspects of individual performance have performance have been identified, one vital distention exists between those behavior central to performing one’s job (often called task performance). And other behaviors less central yet still for the effective functioning of a team, department, or organization as a whole. Many training efforts focus on the first group of behaviors, namely those relating to performing the critical associated with a given job. But the second category of behaviors is also important. Behaviors in category have been given different labels (such as organizational citizenship behaviors or contextual performance). A central aspect the aggregate, they contribute to organizational effectiveness. For example, HRD efforts to inculcate of innovation and initiative-tasking would focus more on this second category of behaviors. Similarly, team- building efforts that promote cooperation and teamwork emphasize such citizenship behaviors. Alternately, coaching or mentoring efforts often seek to promote behaviors that, while helpful to the organization as a whole, are not enforceable requirement of a give job. The motivational issues discussed later in this chapter are particularly critical in determining the extent to which employee engage in behaviors that are above and beyond their formal job requirements. As Daniel Katz wrote many year ago: “An organization [that] depends solely upon its blueprints of prescribed behavior is a very fragile social system. ” As we present a systems perspective on human resource development throughout the book, be begin our discussion by highlighting these two critical aspect of individual employee behavior. Next, we describe the major factors that influence such behavior.
ประเภทหลักของลักษณะการทำงานของพนักงานIf HRD efforts are primarily intended to change employee behavior, then it is useful to first ask what types of behavior they are intended to change. Recent research strongly suggests that individual performance is multidimensional. Although many different aspects of individual performance have performance have been identified, one vital distention exists between those behavior central to performing one’s job (often called task performance). And other behaviors less central yet still for the effective functioning of a team, department, or organization as a whole. Many training efforts focus on the first group of behaviors, namely those relating to performing the critical associated with a given job. But the second category of behaviors is also important. Behaviors in category have been given different labels (such as organizational citizenship behaviors or contextual performance). A central aspect the aggregate, they contribute to organizational effectiveness. For example, HRD efforts to inculcate of innovation and initiative-tasking would focus more on this second category of behaviors. Similarly, team- building efforts that promote cooperation and teamwork emphasize such citizenship behaviors. Alternately, coaching or mentoring efforts often seek to promote behaviors that, while helpful to the organization as a whole, are not enforceable requirement of a give job. The motivational issues discussed later in this chapter are particularly critical in determining the extent to which employee engage in behaviors that are above and beyond their formal job requirements. As Daniel Katz wrote many year ago: “An organization [that] depends solely upon its blueprints of prescribed behavior is a very fragile social system. ” As we present a systems perspective on human resource development throughout the book, be begin our discussion by highlighting these two critical aspect of individual employee behavior. Next, we describe the major factors that influence such behavior.
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