Standards have a long administrative reach : it is difficult to corner off a small component and pretend that it will not be influenced by the rest. Each organization, not to mention each configuration, develops its own norms, traditions, beliefs-in other words, its own ideology. And that permeates every part of it. Unless there is a rough balance among opposing forces-as in the symphony orchestra-the prevailing ideology will tend to dominate. That is why adhocracies need especially tolerant controllers, just as machine bureaucracies must usually scale down their expectations for their research laboratories.