External protective factors are the environmental social supports and opportunities available in the home, school, community, and peer groups, in the form of a) caring relations, b) high expectations, and c) encouragement for participation in meaningful activities (6).
Internal protective factors are individual qualities and characteristics (skills, attitudes, beliefs, and values) associated with positive developmental outcomes. The internal protective factors of cooperation and communication, empathy, strong problem-solving skills, well-defined goals and aspirations, high self-efficacy, and self-awareness develop both naturally and in response to environmental protective factors, and they contribute to positive academic, social, and health outcomes (7).
External protective factors are the environmental social supports and opportunities available in the home, school, community, and peer groups, in the form of a) caring relations, b) high expectations, and c) encouragement for participation in meaningful activities (6).Internal protective factors are individual qualities and characteristics (skills, attitudes, beliefs, and values) associated with positive developmental outcomes. The internal protective factors of cooperation and communication, empathy, strong problem-solving skills, well-defined goals and aspirations, high self-efficacy, and self-awareness develop both naturally and in response to environmental protective factors, and they contribute to positive academic, social, and health outcomes (7).
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