Abstract—Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are time synchronized
sensors primarily used for power system state estimation.
Despite their increasing incorporation and the ongoing research
on state estimation using measurements from these sensors, estimation
with imperfect phase synchronization has not been sufficiently
investigated. Inaccurate synchronization is an inevitable
problem that large scale deployment of PMUs has to face. In this
paper, we introduce a model for power system state estimation
using PMUs with phase mismatch. We propose alternating minimization
and parallel Kalman filtering for state estimation using
static and dynamic models, respectively, under different assumptions.
Numerical examples demonstrate the improved accuracy of
our algorithms compared with traditional algorithms when imperfect
synchronization is present. We conclude that when a sufficient
number of PMUs with small delays are employed, the imperfect
synchronization can be largely compensated in the estimation
stage.