The article makes a case for introducing light rail systems in medium-sized towns and cities in Central Europe and analyses the feasibility of such a project. This is particularly important in the context of the paradigm of mobilities and the idea of sustainable development. Contemporary urban planning has yet to find a satisfactory answer to the question of how to diminish the negative consequences of individual transport without placing inordinate limitations on the natural human desire for mobility. It would seem that the increasingly negative effects of car use – for which bus transport provides no attractive alternative – are fast creating a need for a means of public transport that is not only separated from street traffic, but that is also effective and environmentally friendly. These requirements are met to the fullest extent by light rail systems such as trams, tram-trains and various hybrid solutions.