Mongolians, and numerous other tribes from the steppes are no longer there; the Eurasian world for the first time in 1000 years was not beset by migratory invaders. The migrational period from 400 to 1400Was.so profound that its impact can be found in
every corner of Eurasia, from North Africa and England to India and China. The only spots that were outside its sphere of direct influence were southern India and Indonesia. The impact of thosinvasions were not all negative, for whether it was Liao tribes in China, who adopted Chinese ways, or the Huns in eastern Europe, who converted
to Christianity, these tribes contributed much to the civilizational and aesthetical imperatives that wete already under way. One of the principal characteristics of this period is the emergence of a new wave of global urbanism. In fact, many of the cities • that today are the center of much of our preservation efforts date from this•period.
In Korea, Seoul was being transformed into a great and impressive capital. In China, Beijing's Forbidden City was being built.Islam, of course, was also rebounding
and expressing its wealth in mosques and. schools and mausoleums•from Egypt to northern India. Samark21nd, the capital of limurid, was expanded and was perhaps
the leading economic city of the world. Closeby was the bustling metropolis of Bukhara, the Shaybanid capital. Further to the east, the Mamluks were making considerable improvements to the city of Cairo.