Authors’ conclusions
This systematic review indicates that listening to music may have a beneficial effect on anxiety in persons with CHD, especially those
with a myocardial infarction. Anxiety-reducing effects appear to be greatest when people are given a choice of which music to listen to.
Furthermore, listening to music may have a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, quality of sleep and
pain in persons with CHD. However, the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Since many of the studies are at high risk of
bias, these findings need to be interpreted with caution. More research is needed into the effects of music interventions offered by a
trained music therapist.