Accord-ing to Eq. (12), the critical parameter was calculated as ıc= 1.45.Substituting the relevant parameters into Eq. (11), the SHOTs canbe calculated (heat transfer coefficient = 0.072 W m−1K−1, charac-teristic dimension r0= 1.087 × 0.4/2 = 0.2174 m). Using the methodsdemonstrated above, parameters of the other experiments are cal-culated and shown in Tables 1–3.