To assess students' performance, the learning processes of each group, recordings
by video camera and sound recorder, notes from observers, and students' portfolio were
analyzed qualitatively, and the MCAI questionnaire results were analyzed quantitatively
using T-tests to investigate the differences between mean pre- and post-questionnaire for
each question (Hinkle, Wiersma, & Jurs, 1988). Many methods of recording were used to
avoid not recording any of the processes of learning and to provide material for formative
assessment (Dodge, 2009). In science lessons, assessment of learning processes is
important in improving student performance. Teachers can use it to reflect methods and
strategies to improve their instruction. Some methods in these lessons involve portfolio,
discussion, debate, and scaffolding in order to improve metacognitive skills of students
(Cakan, et al., 2010; Molenaar, 2011; Falk & Brodsky, 2013).