their most recent origins prior to introduction to the Philippines: Singapore, "taiwan" (both probably derived from introductions from Israel), and Thailand (probably of Egyptian origin). Tagged fish from all eight strains were stocked communally in 11 different farm environments including ponds, cages, and rice-fish systems, as well as lowland and upland locations. This required the tagging of 11,000 individual fish and was the largest experiment of its kind ever undertaken in Asia. Three of