Spielman and colleagues11 set forth what has
become known as the ‘3-P Model’ of insomnia, which is
essentially a diathesis-stress model. The model suggests
that individuals may be primed to develop insomnia
by individual predisposing characteristics, such as
various forms of hyperarousal and/or tendency to worry
or ruminate, precipitating factors, such as stressful
life events and/or new illness, initiate an episode, and predisposing factors, such as maladaptive coping
strategies like napping or extending time in bed beyond
the usual sleep window despite being asleep less, result
in conditioned arousal and chronic insomnia.