Coconut is a wonder fruit which provides the consumer with both a refreshing drink from its water and energy from its kernel. The oil from the mature kernel is used as cooking oil and processed into soap and detergent. The tree itself is known as ‘the tree of life’, since it also provides the locals with shelter and numerous products besides food. The dry kernel or copra was once an important international commodity. After World War II, its importance diminished partly due to the false opinion that coconut oil is an unhealthy food containing high amounts of saturated fat. The result was lower demand and depressed prices. Recently, demand for coconut is reviving, especially for its virgin oil as well as for young fresh fruit, both now recognized as healthy food. This chapter provides insight into postharvest biology and technology of the fruit involving both its water and kernel at both young and mature stages. Hence readers are advised to distinguish between these two parts and stages of the fruit.