The IOEOtended to be shorter (p =0.06) in VS2.5FTAI (30.21.4 h)than in control (34.7 1.4 h) gilts, but there was no difference(p >0.05) between control and IM5FTAI (32.81.4 h) gilts.Farrowing rate was not different (p>0.05) among treatments.Total born piglets (TB) was lower (p<0.05) in VS2.5FTAI(12.3 0.4) than in control gilts (14.10.4), whereas intermediate TB was observed in IM5FTAI gilts (13.30.4). Dueto the advancement of ovulation, reduction of the hormonaldose and the ease of application, the vulvar submucosal routewould be the best option for FTAI protocols, but theirnegative impact on litter size remains to be elucidated. Takinginto account the good fertility results obtained in IM5FTAIgilts whose ovulation was not advanced, the possibility of asingle FTAI without any hormonal treatment should befurther investigated, to establish reliable FTAI protocols fo
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