7) As Hales and Klidas (1998) found, however, management is often quick to espouse the rhetoric of empowerment but rarely does this represent significant increase in employee ‘voice’ (especially at the organisational level) or, indeed, employee ‘choice’ over minor operational decisions.) However, analysis of the survey data suggested that some practices and issues in HR were not industry-wide conditions but appeared to be associated with particular organizational characteristics. Most importantly, size of establishment appears to be the most influential factor when considering the formality of, and approach taken to, employee relations and HRM.
For example, larger hotels were more likely to have a specific manager with responsibility for personnel and employment matters.