With the macrophytes, coontail Ceratophyllum demersum L. and
moss Vesicularia dubyana Brotherus, it has been shown that exposure
to leachates of reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,
English oak Quercus robur L., and European beech Fagus sylvatica L.
Populus nigra
Quercus petraea
Picea abies**
Picea pungens**
Control
Cumulative offspring per female, N
Days
1 5 10 15
0
50
100
150
Fig. 6. Lifetime reproductive output of Moina macrocopa females exposed against
four different litter leachates. ⁄⁄p < 0.01.