The large chi-square value was not surprising since the chi-square statistic has been shown to be directly related to sample size (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993). To assess the overall model fit without being affected by sample size, alternative stand-alone fit indices less sensitive to sample size were used. These indices included the goodness of fit index (GFI), the adjusted goodness-of-fit index
(AGFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square residual
(RMSR), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993).