Considering the wide range of peanut cultivation in China with diversified climates, aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is a significant issue. However, the specific relationship between preharvest weather data and aflatoxin contents of pre-harvest peanuts has not been studied in China and it was investigated in this paper for first time. It presented the data and the results of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in four representative provinces under different agro-environments in China in the years 2010e2013. The natural occurrence of aflatoxins varies according to localities and years.