A total of 101 urine samples were collected for measurements of background DPHP (control samples)
, of which 87 contained detectable levels of TPHP
. From cohort 1, a pre-application sample was collected from each participant (n = 16). From cohort 2, 65 background samples were collected during the control phase, and additional control samples were collected from each participant (n = 10) at the start of the nail painting and glove phases. The geometric mean (GM) for all control samples (combining both cohorts) was 0.96 ng/mL (range = < MDL–14.74 ng/mL) and was very similar to urinary DPHP concentrations reported in other U.S. cohorts