In Thailand, sugarcane burning prior to harvesting was around 64-75% of cane harvest at crop year 2009; it is increasing and becoming common practice [1,2]. On the other hand, there are many efforts to stop causing this pollution. Instead of burning trash after harvest, incorporating cane trash into the soil and planting of bean during non-plantation period of cane (6-8 months after harvest) could help nutrient enhancing for cane cultivation [3]. Moreover, sugar mill encourage purchasing unburnt cane with 3% top-up price, but discourage purchasing burnt cane with 1% deducted price. Nevertheless, these efforts provide insufficient monetary incentive for harvester, cane field burning is still widely performed [1,4,5]. With increasing power demand and the worldwide concerns of environmental impacts from fossil-based power generation, renewable energy consumption is targeted to reach 20.3% of the total energy consumption whereas biomass for power generation is targeted to reach 4000 MW by the year 2022. The biomass promotion focuses on utilization of agricultural residues and fast growing crops through the small power producer (SPP, ≥10 MW) and very small power producer (VSPP, <10 MW), by providing eight year Tax exemption and energy price adder of 0.3 Baht/kWh. Among residues from the other products such as cassava rhizome, oil palm empty bunch and corn cob, cane trash have the highest resource potential ~1931 MM for electricity generation or ~2743 ktoe for heat generation as estimation residue quantities based on products quantities [6]. There is an increasing of worldwide interest on utilizing cane trash as a fuel instead of open burning in fields. A pilot cane trash power plant was found in Hawai, operating with spreader fired boiler [7]. In Brazil, Cuba, Tanzania and Swaziland, cane trash was used with excess bagasse (from steam generation) for power generation [8–12]. Asian countries tried to develop regional capacity of crop waste including cane trash to be fuel for power generation, fuel supply system and management techniques have been developed [13]. In India, cane trash is mixed with other agro-industrial residues (e.g. rice husk, coffee husk etc.) and agricultural residues (e.g. rice straw) for power generation [8].
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