informed bV "fourth generation evaluation" (Guba and Lincoln, 1989), we
included qualitative data collection procedures in our overall design. The
constructivist approach of Guba and Lincoln looks beyond the positivist search
for causal and universal relationships. According to these authors, any
observed action is the result of a "large number of mutual, simultaneous
shapers, each of which is constantly shaping, and being shaped bv, all other
shapers (p.106)." Guba and Lincoln also assume that project problems and
solutions may have local applicability onlV, and may not apply to the overall
program. This approach was particularly useful for Community Gardens,