Total Work Analysis measures the total work required to tear the test piece by measuring the area under the force-displacement test curve. The area can be measured electronically by properly equipped instruments or measured manually by use of a planimeter. The mean force can be calculated by dividing the area under the curve by the displacement indicated on the complete trace curve. As with other mean tear force values, the total work analysis method does not account for the magnitude of variation from the mean. The total work analysis method can be used on both types of curves shown in Fig. 4.