The paper is structured in four parts. The first part analyses the impact
of the Demographic transition (that we will prefer to call Demographic
revolution) on the demographic tendencies and indicators of ASEAN
countries. It will document the fact that the members of ASEAN have
proceeded at different speeds along the path of the Demographic revolution and have reached different stages of this complex process. As a consequence,
while some countries are already (or will be soon) characterized by a
declining Working Age Population (WAP), in other WAP will continue to
grow. This will create a structural lack of labor supply in some countries
and an excess of labor supply in the others.
In the second part of the paper a model is introduced that allows
estimating manpower needs, migration flows, and population trends as a
function of the evolution in WAP and alternative hypothesis on employment
growth. The model is used to build alternative labor market and
demographic scenarios for ASEAN arrival countries. The exercise clearly
shows that the future economic growth of Singapore, Thailand, and
Malaysia will hinge on the arrival of very relevant numbers of foreign
workers. The results are discussed on the basis of the tendencies exhibited in
previous periods by migration flows in the Asian continent and more
specifically in ASEAN countries and of a critical appraisal of the
projections made by the United Nations Population Division.
The third part of the paper discusses alternative growth theories and
their implications in terms of industrial and educational policies. It will be
shown that according to the New evolutionary economics, growth is lead by
the accumulation of capabilities that allows, in a first phase, to diversify
production inside a given knowledge cluster, and then to jump to new
knowledge clusters, i.e. to move to higher quality products.
The fourth part of the paper reviews the educational attainments of
ASEAN countries. It then discusses the relationship between their education
structure and the stage of growth they have reached and outlines their
present options for technology and product diversification.
The conclusion will bring together the main results reached in the four
parts of the paper and spell out a series of policy suggestions.
The paper is structured in four parts. The first part analyses the impactof the Demographic transition (that we will prefer to call Demographicrevolution) on the demographic tendencies and indicators of ASEANcountries. It will document the fact that the members of ASEAN haveproceeded at different speeds along the path of the Demographic revolution and have reached different stages of this complex process. As a consequence,while some countries are already (or will be soon) characterized by adeclining Working Age Population (WAP), in other WAP will continue togrow. This will create a structural lack of labor supply in some countriesand an excess of labor supply in the others.In the second part of the paper a model is introduced that allowsestimating manpower needs, migration flows, and population trends as afunction of the evolution in WAP and alternative hypothesis on employmentgrowth. The model is used to build alternative labor market anddemographic scenarios for ASEAN arrival countries. The exercise clearlyshows that the future economic growth of Singapore, Thailand, andMalaysia will hinge on the arrival of very relevant numbers of foreignworkers. The results are discussed on the basis of the tendencies exhibited inprevious periods by migration flows in the Asian continent and morespecifically in ASEAN countries and of a critical appraisal of theprojections made by the United Nations Population Division.The third part of the paper discusses alternative growth theories andtheir implications in terms of industrial and educational policies. It will beshown that according to the New evolutionary economics, growth is lead bythe accumulation of capabilities that allows, in a first phase, to diversifyproduction inside a given knowledge cluster, and then to jump to newknowledge clusters, i.e. to move to higher quality products.The fourth part of the paper reviews the educational attainments ofASEAN countries. It then discusses the relationship between their educationstructure and the stage of growth they have reached and outlines theirpresent options for technology and product diversification.The conclusion will bring together the main results reached in the fourparts of the paper and spell out a series of policy suggestions.
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