Majority of oil palm plantationss in South Sumatra are managed in NES (Nucleus Estate Smallholders)
model, in each NES a nucleus firm foster and work together with smalholders farmers in producing FFB from
their own plantations. All of FFB are delivered to palm oil factory belongs to the nucleus firm. This research, however, focused on the smallholder plantations both in dry and wet land, since several problems in cultivation and managements are still occuring until recently at their plantations but only minor problems at the nucleus firm plantation.