In recent curriculum reforms worldwide, educators have made tremendous efforts to improve student achievement. For instance, the No
Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) in the U.S. aims to narrow the achievement gap through various mechanisms so that no child is left
behind academically. Despite all these concerted efforts, there remains a profound gap between the knowledge and skills that students
acquire in schools and the knowledge and skills that they need to live and work in the 21st century. Critics suggest that a holistic view of 21st
century teaching and learning that combines student learning outcomes (a blending of specific skills, content knowledge, expertise, and
literacies) with innovative support systems is necessary to prepare students for effective participation in this century (The Partnership for
21st Century Skills, n.d.). In this digital era, information literacy, internet literacy, and computer literacy are particularly important (Kong,
2007, 2009). Although the concept of literacy has been defined and studied extensively in educational research, defining literacy seems to be
painstaking and challenging since different researchers tend to work in isolation and to address different aspects of the concept.
This study used the collective term “information and communication technology (ICT) literacy” to encompass information literacy
(information), internet literacy (communication), and computer literacy (technology), which formed the conceptual framework of the ICT
literacy scale to be developed and validated. In terms of measurement, the scale was considered to be a unitary construct with three
correlated subscales representing the three aforementioned literacies. The following paragraphs explain and elaborate on our conceptualisation
of ICT literacy.
In recent curriculum reforms worldwide, educators have made tremendous efforts to improve student achievement. For instance, the NoChild Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) in the U.S. aims to narrow the achievement gap through various mechanisms so that no child is leftbehind academically. Despite all these concerted efforts, there remains a profound gap between the knowledge and skills that studentsacquire in schools and the knowledge and skills that they need to live and work in the 21st century. Critics suggest that a holistic view of 21stcentury teaching and learning that combines student learning outcomes (a blending of specific skills, content knowledge, expertise, andliteracies) with innovative support systems is necessary to prepare students for effective participation in this century (The Partnership for21st Century Skills, n.d.). In this digital era, information literacy, internet literacy, and computer literacy are particularly important (Kong,2007, 2009). Although the concept of literacy has been defined and studied extensively in educational research, defining literacy seems to bepainstaking and challenging since different researchers tend to work in isolation and to address different aspects of the concept.This study used the collective term “information and communication technology (ICT) literacy” to encompass information literacy(information), internet literacy (communication), and computer literacy (technology), which formed the conceptual framework of the ICTliteracy scale to be developed and validated. In terms of measurement, the scale was considered to be a unitary construct with threecorrelated subscales representing the three aforementioned literacies. The following paragraphs explain and elaborate on our conceptualisationof ICT literacy.
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