The second view argues for a negative effect
on project performance, as OC is seen to lead to unfocused
efforts among project members, resulting in the loss
of innovative design features, which would hamper the
success of a new product or service in particular (Ayers
et al., 1997). Regarding the direct effects of MC on project
performance, prior studies have also found contradictory
results. For example, one line of research (Dvir et al., 2003;
Shenhar et al., 2002) has found that a high level of formality
and detailed project planning regarding schedules,
responsibilities, budgets and goals is especially important
for complex projects involving high uncertainty and will
increase project performance, whereas Song and Montoya-
Weiss (1998) found that detailed project planning could
have negative effects on the outcome of highly innovative
projects. Further, Tatikonda and Montoya-Weiss (2001)
argue that the positive impact on project operational outcomes
is evident irrespective of the technical uncertainty
faced by the product or service