In cellulosic lipid research efforts, oleaginous yeast and fungal strains were the main organisms investigated (Table 1). Heterophilic cultivation of microalgal strains for the conversion of organic substances to lipids has also attracted attention [40]. However, only a few studies have used real lignocellulose-derived sugars [40–43]. Most of these microalgal studies focused on the inhibitory effect of degradation products, since this effect limits the utiliza- tion of microalgae for lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass [43].