open the question of whether similar results would be achieved across all topics if the entire class
were flipped.
Day and Foley[11] conducted their study in a senior-level computer interaction course. They
taught concurrent experimental and comparison sections of the course, and matched sections
on topics, assignments, and time on task. Students in the experimental section watched narrated
PowerPoint videos outside of class, and participated in interactive learning activities inside class.
Students in the flipped environment scored significantly higher on all homework assignments,
projects, and tests.
In summary, of all the studies on the flipped classroom, there is only one (Day and Foley[11]) that
has examined student performance throughout a semester. While the results from this study are
encouraging, this is not sufficient evidence to warrant generalization far beyond that situation.
Further, the solution was very specific, rather than being based on established principles to guide
adaptation. Thus, additional research is needed to examine the influence of flipped classroom
instruction on objective learning outcomes.